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• Resistivity and Particle Size Introduction
• Function of Temperature
• Fig. 1: Temp. vs. Resistivity
• Resistivity in Simulated Flue Gas
• Table 1: Coal and Ash Chemistry
• Fig. 2: Resistivity vs. Electric Field
• Fig. 3: Resistivity Model
• Particle Size Distribution
• Fig. 4: Bahco Particle Size

Resistivity is determined as a function of temperature in accordance with IEEE Standard 548. This test is conducted in an air environment containing a specified moisture concentration. The test is run as a function of ascending or descending temperature or both. Data are acquired using an average ash layer electric field of 4 kV/cm. Since relatively low applied voltage is used and no sulfuric acid vapor is present in the environment, the values obtained indicate the maximum ash resistivity.

Usually the descending temperature test is suggested when no unusual circumstances are involved. Before the test, the ash is thermally equilibrated in dry air at 850°F for about 14 hours. It is believed that this procedure anneals the ash and restores the surface to pre-collection condition.

If there is a concern about the effect of combustibles, the residual effect of a conditioning agent other than sulfuric acid vapor, or the effect of some other agent that inhibits the reaction of the ash with water vapor, the combination of the ascending and descending test mode is recommended. The thermal treatment that occurs between the two test modes is capable of eliminating the foregoing effects. This results in ascending and descending temperature resistivity curves that show a hysteresis related to the presence and removal of some effect such as a significant level of combustibles as shown in Figure 1.

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