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Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Emissions Monitoring
| About
FTIR for Emissions Monitoring | Case Study | FTIR
Analysis | FTIR Advantages | System
Features | Target Analytes & Detection Limits
| Instrument Specifications |
About
FTIR for Emissions Monitoring
Clean Air Engineering, in conjunction with Argonne National Laboratories,
is now able to offer to the private sector an FTIR CEM (Continuous Emissions
Monitoring) system specifically created to meet the HAPS (Hazardous Air
Pollutants) monitoring requirements of Title III of the 1990 CAAA (Clean
Air Act Amendment). The DOE (Department of Energy) successfully funded this
CRADA (Cooperative Research and Development Agreement) to develop an FTIR
system it could use to monitor incineration of hazardous compounds at several
of its facilities.
The first prototypes of this project were tested in high temperature, high
moisture environments with complex mixtures of very reactive and corrosive
compounds. After meeting these sampling challenges we have moved the product
from the prototype to the commercial stage. The sample cell and the associated
sampling system are completely heated (150 C) to eliminate the need for,
and bias caused by, sample conditioning. The FTIR custom software meets
the strict QA/QC standards of the EPA and ASTM and is flexible enough to
meet almost any testing protocol.
Clean Air has and continues to develop a library of standards specifically
for this FTIR system. No more relying on spectral standards created at different
temperatures and different resolutions. No more worrying about the analytical
errors caused by interpolation.FTIR Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy utilizes
the 2.5 to 15um (or 4000 to 650 cm-1) spectral region of the electromagnetic
spectrum. The mid-infrared has unique spectral bands that produce a molecular
fingerprint corresponding to chemical functional groups.
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Case
Study
Download
a case study of HAPs monitoring at a Portland Cement Kiln using extractive
FTIR. (Adobe Acrobat Reader Required.)
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FTIR
Analysis
The FTIR instrument collects an interferogram in the time domain. It is
converted to a spectrum (wavenumber vs intensity) by performing a Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT) and other mathematical transformations on the interferogram.
The spectrum is compared against known molecular fingerprints.
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FTIR Advantages
- Proven technology
with extensive research and development since the 1970's
- Demonstrates qualitative
and quantitative results
- Unique spectral
fingerprint for each organic and selected inorganic compound
- Separation of individual
components is not required
- Detector characteristics
are proven and consistent
- Monitors most organics,
acid gases and gaseous criteria pollutants
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System
Features
- Modular system
is mobile and easy to setup
- A hot, wet integrated
sampling system eliminates condensation losses
- The FTIR measurements
in accordance with Appendix A of part 63 TEST METHOD 320, MEASUREMENT
OF VAPOR PHASE ORGANIC AND INORGANIC EMISSIONS BY EXTRACTIVE FOURIER
TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY
- Automated QA/QC
related controls to prevent operator errors
- Unique optical
design for easy troubleshooting and high signal throughput
- Standard interferometer
and detector can be easily upgraded
- Advanced data analysis
combines unique Fourier filtering and conventional PLS with parallel
processing for improved speciation and data quality
- Sampling system,
QA/QC, data processing, and reporting are controlled and automated from
a single workstation computer to eliminate manual errors
- Rugged system utilizes
years of Clean Air's environmental monitoring expertise combined with
data analysis and research capabilities of Argonne National Laboratories
- Designed for compliance
and environmental monitoring, and process optimization
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Target
Analytes & Detection Limits
- Most organics and
many inorganics are infrared absorbers. Their detection and quantitation
by FTIR depends on their stability and interference with other infrared
absorbers.
- Clean Air's current
standards library includes:
| Acetaldehyde |
Dichloromethane |
m-xylene |
Styrene |
| Ammonia |
Ethylene |
Naphthalene |
Sulfur hexafluoride
|
| Benzene |
Formaldehyde |
Nitrogen dioxide
|
1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
| Carbon monoxide |
Hexane |
Nitrogen oxide
|
Trichloroethylene |
| Carbon dioxide |
Hydrogen chloride |
o-xylene |
Toluene |
| Chlorobenzene |
Methane |
Phenol |
Tetrachloroethylene
|
| Chloroform |
Methanol |
p-xylene |
Water
|
- Calibration standards
are at 150 °C, 1 atm, 0.5 wavenumber.
- Library can be
expanded as needed for compounds and sample conditions.
- Detection limits
may be affected by the presence of moisture and CO2. In the
absence of moisture and CO2, ppb levels are possible. In
a typical 30% moisture and 8% CO2 environment, detection
limits are in 1 ppm levels.
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Instrument
Specifications
Sample Control
Module
| Sampling system
temperature: |
150 °C |
| Sample
flow rate: |
5
LPM (max.) |
FTIR Module
| Cell
temperature: |
150
°C |
| Spectral
resolution: |
0.5
wavenumber |
| Number
of scans: |
64
in 0.9 minutes |
| Detector
type: |
MCT
(Liquid N2 cooled) |
| Cell
path length: |
10
m (others optional) |
Computer Analysis
Module
| CPU type: |
Current Intel
System |
| RAM: |
24 MB |
| Hard disk: |
100 gigabyte |
| Operating System: |
Microsoft |
| Analog to Digital: |
8 (4 available
for user) |
| Digital Input/Output: |
16 (5 available
for user) |
| Control,
Analysis, Reporting: |
TEAM
Software |
|
